# Holešky Begins Sunset Process

> App and tooling developers should migrate to Sepolia and staking infrastructure providers should migrate to Hoodi.

**Published by:** [ETH Daily](https://ethdaily.io/)
**Published on:** 2025-10-21
**Categories:** news, 2025, october2025
**URL:** https://ethdaily.io/806

## Content

Gm frENS. It's only Monday, but it's been busy!Quick TakeThe Holešky testnet begins its sunset process.An AWS outage impacts RPC providers.Primev releases a Fast RPC endpoint.Vitalik outlines the GKR Protocol.Nethermind v1.35 with 60m gas limit.Holešky Begins Sunset ProcessListen to this episode from ETH Daily - Ethereum News on Spotify. The Holešky testnet begins its sunset process. An AWS outage impacts RPC providers. Primev releases a Fast RPC endpoint. And Vitalik outlines the GKR Protocol. Read more: https://ethdaily.io/806 Disclaimer: Content is for informational purposes only, not endorsement or investment advice.https://spotify.comHolešky Begins Sunset ProcessThe Holešky testnet has started its scheduled shut down process. The testnet has been set to go offline two weeks after the Fusaka upgrade finalized on the testnet, which occurred on October 1. Application and tooling developers are encouraged to migrate to the Sepolia testnet, while staking infrastructure providers are advised to transition to the Hoodi testnet. Holešky was launched on September 28, 2023, as a proof-of-stake testnet intended to replace Goerli. At genesis, it featured an active validator set of 1.46 million, designed for staking infrastructure testing. The network allowed open participation as public validators. Ethereum testnets typically have a lifespan of up to five years.AWS Outage Impacts RPC ProvidersAmazon’s AWS US-East-1 region experienced a major outage early Monday morning due to a DNS resolution failure in the DynamoDB API endpoint. The outage disrupted numerous AWS services that depend on the region’s endpoints, including DynamoDB Global Tables, IAM, and CloudFront CDN. RPC providers, such as Infura, were impacted, causing its users to experience delays or failures in sending transactions. Some Ethereum validators hosted on AWS also faced temporary disruptions. Notably, Ethereum’s mainnet has maintained near-100% uptime over the past decade.Primev Fast RPC EndpointEthereum infrastructure provider Primev released a Fast RPC endpoint enabling millisecond transaction preconfirmations on Ethereum L1. Users can add the endpoint to their wallets for faster, more reliable transaction inclusion. In a demo, an ETH transfer was preconfirmed in 377 ms and included in the same block. The implementation leverages mev-commit, a decentralized network of block builders that issue and honor transaction commitments before block inclusion. Preconfirmations provide early transaction confirmation guarantees, improving the user experience. Dapps can also configure the Fast RPC endpoint.Vitalik Outlines The GKR ProtocolVitalik Buterin published an article outlining the GKR protocol, a protocol which can power ultra-fast Zero-Knowldege Proof (ZKP) generation used in ZK-EVM and zkML systems. The protocol achieves extreme efficiency by proving large, structured computations like Poseidon hashing or neural network inference without committing to intermediate states. GKR makes real-time zk-proofs feasible, significantly lowering computational overhead while maintaining succinctness.Other NewsNethermind client v1.35Peter shares his 2024 letter to EFSandeep comments on Peter’s letterVitalik praises SandeepERC-8004 Community Call #2Privacy app showcaseCoinbase buys UpOnly NFT for $25mVaneck files for Lido stETH ETFWeek in EF protocol researchPrivacy on Ethereum #15SER adds payments sectionHoffman on losing DankradLubin comments on DankradBitmine buys 63,539 ETHDisclaimer: Content is for informational purposes only, not endorsement or investment advice. The accuracy of information is not guaranteed.

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