# Vitalik Outlines Post-Quantum Roadmap

> Vitalik Buterin outlined Ethereum’s quantum resistance roadmap, identifying four components currently vulnerable to quantum attacks.

**Published by:** [ETH Daily](https://ethdaily.io/)
**Published on:** 2026-02-27
**Categories:** news, 2026, february2026
**URL:** https://ethdaily.io/892

## Content

Quick TakeEthereum post-quantum roadmap.leanSig signature scheme.Alchemy crypto APIs for agents.Brevis advances Pico Prism ZKVM.Vitalik Outlines Post-Quantum RoadmapListen to this episode from Ethereum News on Spotify. Vitalik outlines Ethereum's Post-Quantum roadmap. Ethereum researchers introduce the leanSig signature scheme. Alchemy releases crypto APIs for agents. And Brevis reduces RTP costs on its ZKVM. Read more: https://ethdaily.io/892 Borrow against ETH at the lowest fixed rates in DeFi.https://spotify.comSponsored byBorrow against ETH at the lowest fixed rates in DeFi. Liquity V2 lets you use ETH as collateral to mint BOLD, the Ethereum native dollar. Learn more at liquity.orgVitalik Outlines Post-Quantum RoadmapVitalik Buterin outlined Ethereum’s quantum resistance roadmap, identifying four components currently vulnerable to quantum attacks: consensus-layer BLS signatures, data availability based on KZG commitments, EOA signatures, and application-layer zero-knowledge proofs. Quantum resistance aims to ensure Ethereum remains cryptographically secure from quantum computers. For the consensus layer, the roadmap proposes replacing BLS signatures with hash-based signature schemes and using STARKs for signature aggregation. In data availability, Ethereum may move away from KZG commitments toward STARK-based constructions. For EOAs, the plan is to migrate to native Account Abstraction. For zero-knowledge proofs, the long-term solution is protocol-level recursive aggregation.leanSig Post-Quantum Signature SchemeEthereum Foundation cryptography researchers introduced leanSig, a post-quantum, hash-based multi-signature scheme designed to replace Ethereum’s current BLS-based signature aggregation in the consensus layer. leanSig is built from one-time signatures (OTS) constructed using hash chains. Since each one-time key can only be used once, validators commit to a large set of OTS public keys via a Merkle tree. Each signature consists of a one-time signature plus a Merkle proof, effectively creating a many-time signature scheme suitable for Ethereum’s slot-based consensus. Unlike BLS, hash-based signatures lack algebraic structure and therefore cannot be natively aggregated. To achieve aggregation, leanSig uses a SNARK to prove knowledge of many valid signatures. The resulting SNARK proof serves as the aggregate signature, replacing BLS-style aggregation while remaining quantum resistant.Alchemy Crypto APIs For AgentsAlchemy launched Crypto APIs for Agents, allowing AI agents to autonomously authenticate, pay, and access onchain data across chains. Agents authenticate with their wallet via SIWE, then call Alchemy’s agentic gateway. The gateway responds with an HTTP 402 payment request, which the agent fulfills in USDC via x402. Once payment is made, API access continues automatically until the balance is depleted. Agents can use the service access core RPC endpoints, manage DeFi positions, monitor markets, and execute cross-chain workflows. Alchemy also introduced Alchemy Skills, machine-readable documentation for AI agents.Pico Prism Reduces RTP Hardware CostsBrevis announced that Pico Prism zkVM now proves 99%+ of Ethereum L1 blocks in under 12 seconds using just 16 RTX 5090 GPUs, a 75% reduction from its previous 64-GPU setup. This optimization cuts GPU costs from $128k to $32k while maintaining real-time performance. Meanwhile, the Ethereum Foundation aims for 128-bit provable security by the end of 2026.Other NewsACDE #231 highlights | minutesZachXBT exposes AxiomPrivacyPools PoA explainedPrivacyPools hits $1m depositsMetaMask card now live in U.S.Origin expands to BaseDXRG's agentic trading experimentRain stablecoin settlementsdGEN1 releases AndyclawZKsync Lite deprecation on May 4Rainbow announces stakingRedStone supports ERC-8004CoinbaseDev Agent ExperienceBlock cuts workforceDisclaimer: Content is for informational purposes only, not endorsement or investment advice. The accuracy of information is not guaranteed.

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