# Wahrstätter Proposes Native Ethereum UTXOs

> Ethereum researcher Toni Wahrstätter outlines a hybrid UTXO design to drastically limit permanent state growth for one-shot payments.

**Published by:** [ETH Daily](https://ethdaily.io/)
**Published on:** 2026-07-06
**URL:** https://ethdaily.io/wahrstatter-proposes-native-ethereum-utxos

## Content

Ethereum Foundation researcher Toni Wahrstätter published a research proposal to introduce native, optional UTXOs to Ethereum. The design addresses Ethereum's growing permanent state footprint, where every single-use transaction or ERC-20 transfer leaves a permanent account leaf or storage slot in active state forever. By bringing Bitcoin-style one-shot payments to Ethereum, the proposal aims to reduce the persistent state footprint of simple payment workloads by roughly 99.8%. The proposal relies on EIP-8141 Frame Transactions to package inputs, outputs, account flows, and fee metrics into signed, value-conserving transitions. Instead of storing entire transactional openings in active state, the system commits details to decentralized history and leaves only a single spent bit in active database storage to prevent replay attacks. The separation moves the permanent database weight of empty or completed transactions down to a fraction of a byte, resolving the traditional state-inflation trade-off. Because the system requires native protocol modifications and first depends on the shipping of EIP-8141 Frame Transactions, there is currently no scheduled timeline for UTXO to ship to Ethereum mainnet. Disclaimer: Content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, legal, or other professional advice. No representations or warranties are made as to accuracy, completeness, or timeliness. Use of this content is at your own risk, and you should consult a qualified professional before making decisions. No fiduciary or advisory relationship is created

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