Vitalik Buterin proposed a design for a Lean consensus upgrade that aggressively minimizes beacon chain state requirements by shifting database responsibility to stakers. Instead of the network tracking extensive validator metrics, each node is required to manage their own historic participation data and submit daily zero-knowledge proofs. The model reduces the per-validator footprint on the beacon chain. The proposed mechanism aims to address expensive end-of-epoch processing bottlenecks, which degrade network performance when slot times decrease during single-slot finality.

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