Ethereum researcher Toni Wahrstätter published an explainer on EIP-7928, the execution-layer headliner in the Glamsterdam upgrade. The proposal attaches a Block Access List to every Ethereum block, a structured record of every account and storage slot a block touches, along with a log of what changed after each transaction.

It allows clients to parallelize execution, prefetch state from disk before a block even starts running, compute post-state roots on the fly, and sync to the chain head without the slow peer-negotiation healing phase snap sync currently requires. Glamsterdam is expected to ship at a 200 million block gas limit before pushing higher.

ePBS, the Glamsterdam consensus layer headliner, scales it even further by giving validators up to 4x more time for execution. Wahrstätter frames the two proposals as a 10x scaling improvement from baseline, with no hardware upgrades required.

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